All About:
Blood Glucose Levels
Blood glucose levels refer to the concentration of glucose, a simple sugar and key source of energy, present in the bloodstream. The body regulates blood glucose levels through hormones like insulin and glucagon, which help keep them within a narrow range. Normal fasting blood glucose levels typically range from about 70 to 99 mg/dL, while levels above this may indicate prediabetes or diabetes.
Monitoring blood glucose is especially important for individuals with diabetes! High blood glucose (hyperglycemia) can lead to symptoms such as increased thirst and frequent urination, while low levels (hypoglycemia) can cause dizziness, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. Understanding and managing blood glucose levels is crucial for maintaining energy, mood, and overall metabolic health.
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What is a "normal" glucose range?
The chart below summarizes the ranges typically used to assess blood glucose levels. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and testing.
Condition | Fasting (mg/dL) | 2 Hours After Eating (mg/dL) |
|---|---|---|
Normal | 70 - 99 | Less than 140 |
Prediabetes | 100 - 125 | 140 - 199 |
Diabetes | 126 or higher | 200 or higher |
Peter G.
"It amazes me to see how much I didn't know about my diabetes when I relied on a few finger sticks and how much control I now have."
Living with Type 2 diabetes
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How to test your blood sugar
There are several methods to test blood glucose levels, each with its own advantages:
Fingerstick Blood Glucose Meters: Also known as a blood glucose test meter, a small drop of blood is obtained by pricking the fingertip with a lancet, and the blood is applied to a test strip inserted into a meter. The meter provides a reading in seconds. You can get a prescription for a blood glucose test meter at the doctor's office, or pick one up over the counter at your pharmacy.
Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs): CGMs use a small sensor placed under the skin to measure blood glucose levels continuously throughout the day and night. These devices can send real-time data to a receiver or smartphone, allowing for more proactive management of blood sugar levels. CGMs also give you metrics that help you learn how your body reacts to different foods, exercises, emotions, and more!
What CGMs are available?
Depending on your insurance coverage, different CGMs will be available to you. If you have private insurance, you can use this tool to see what CGMs are covered by your insurance. If you are on Medicare and you have Type 2 diabetes and take insulin or have had severe hypoglycemia, CGMs should be covered for you. You can learn more about coverage here.
In 2024, over-the-counter CGMs will be available to people with Type 2 diabetes who are not on insulin! This includes Abbot's Rio and Dexcom Stelo. Speak to your pharmacy about when they will be available in your area.
Robert Greene
Living with Type 2 diabetes
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose or low blood sugar, occurs when blood sugar levels drop below the normal range, typically under 70 mg/dL. This condition can lead to a variety of symptoms, including shakiness, sweating, dizziness, confusion, irritability, and, in severe cases, loss of consciousness or seizures. Hypoglycemia can be triggered by factors such as excessive insulin administration, prolonged fasting, intense exercise, or certain medications.
Treatment typically involves quickly consuming fast-acting carbohydrates, like glucose tablets or sugary snacks, to raise blood sugar levels. Understanding the signs and causes of hypoglycemia is essential for prevention and prompt intervention, ensuring individuals can maintain their health and well-being.
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia, or high blood glucose or high blood sugar, occurs when blood sugar levels exceed normal ranges, generally above 130 mg/dL when fasting or 180 mg/dL after meals. This condition is commonly associated with diabetes and can result from inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or excessive carbohydrate intake. Symptoms of hyperglycemia may include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and headaches. If left untreated, prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to serious complications, including diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, which require immediate medical attention.